What common infection can trigger Guillain-Barré syndrome?

• A. HIV infection
• B. Campylobacter jejuni infection
• C. Influenza virus
• D. Norovirus infection

Answer: (B)

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. One of the most common triggers for GBS is an infection with Campylobacter jejuni, a type of bacteria often associated with food poisoning.

This bacterium can cause gastrointestinal illness, and after the infection resolves, some individuals may develop GBS as an autoimmune response. It is believed that the molecular mimicry between the components of Campylobacter jejuni and peripheral nerve tissues prompts the immune system to mistakenly target its own nerves, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

While other infections can also be associated with GBS, Campylobacter jejuni has the strongest correlational evidence as a common precursor. Understanding the infectious triggers of GBS is critical for both prevention and managing the condition, highlighting the importance of food safety and hygiene to reduce the incidence of this bacterial infection.